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Lithium Iodate

Properties of alpha-LiIO3
Crystal Data
 
 
Crystal Symmetry(1)  Hexagonal 
Point Group  6 (C6) 
Space Group  P63 
Lattice Constants @Room Temp 
(angstroms) 		 a=5.4815 (1) 
c=5.1709 (1) 
Density, g/cc  4.487 
Optical Properties  
 
Transmission range, µm (4,6) 
(not corrected for relection losses) 		  
 >80%,  Parallel to c  0.31 - 5 
>75%,  Perpendicular to c  0.34 - 4 
Optical Activity along c (4,7,33) 
(°/mm) 		 80 @ 0.633µm 
25.0 @ 1.08µm 
23.8 @ 1.1µm 
7 @ 2.0µm 
2.1 @ 3.7µm 
Roto-optic coefficients (31) 
(dimensionless) 		 O44 = O55 = 0.0252 @ 0.5µm and 20C 
Indices of refraction at (µm)   
0.3547  no= 1.9822(11) 
ne = 1.8113(11)  
0.4047  no= 1.9443(8) ,1.9434(11) 
ne = 1.7826(8) , 1.7822(11) 
0.4545  no= 1.9184(9) ,1.9198(11) 
ne = 1.7638(9) , 1.7643(11) 
0.5461  no= 1.8953(8) ,1.8942(10) , 1.8947(11) 
ne = 1.7457(8) , 1.7450(10) ,1.7451(11) 
0.579  no= 1.8894(8) ,1.8888(10) , 1.8888(11) 
ne = 1.7413(8) , 1.7407(10) ,1.7406(11) 
0.6328  no= 1.8830(9) ,1.8815(10) , 1.8814(11) 
ne = 1.7367(9) , 1.7351(10) ,1.7349(11) 
1.014  no= 1.8584(8) ,1.8578(10) 
ne = 1.7176(8) , 1.7172(10) 
1.0642  no= 1.8517(10)  
ne = 1.7168(10) 
1.367  no= 1.8508(8) ,1.8504(10) 
ne = 1.7122(8) , 1.7118(10) 
1.9701  no= 1.8431(8) 
ne = 1.7072(8) 
2.0  no= 1.8420(10) 
ne = 1.7064(10) 
2.2493  no= 1.8385(8) 
ne = 1.7050(8) 
5.0  no= 1.7940(10) 
ne = 1.6783(10) 
Parametric oscillation limit  5.4µm(21) 
Laser Damage Threshold (MW/cm2)  ~500 gaussian, 50 multimode(22) 
>100 for pulsed 1.064µm(21,23) 
Surface damage threshold may depend on AR coating(21) 
Photoelastic constants at 0.633µm(2) 
pE11  |0.32 ± 0.06| 
pE31  |0.41 ± 0.08| (c) 
pE16  |0.03 ± 0.006| 
pD23  |0.24 ± 0.08| 
pD33  |0.23 ± 0.07| 
pD66  |0.01 ± 0.002| 
NLO Susceptibilities (SHG) 
d in pm/V,   in m2/C 		 
 
0.488µm (b)  d31= -7.31±0.62, 31=-6.54 
0.6943µm  d31= -8.41 
1.064µm  d31= -7.11 
d33= -7.02 
d14= 0.31(b), 31=-0.23(b) 
1.318µm  d31= -6.82 
d33= -6.75, 33= -10.2 
2.12µm  d31= -6.43 
d33= -6.41 
Phasematching Angle for 
Type I SHG (a) 		 , degrees to c axis 
0.580µm,  90°(calculated) (10,11) 
0.61µm  64°(measured)(18) 
69.4°(calculated)(10,11) 
0.9460µm  34.1°(measured)(17) 
34.0°(calculated)(10,11) 
1.0648µm  29.4°(measured)(17) , 30°(measured)(19) 
29.4°(calculated)(10,11) , 30.2°(calculated)(19) 
1.0845µm  28.9°(measured)(4) 
28.8°(calculated)(10,11) 
1.1523µm  27.2°(measured)(4) 
26.8°(calculated)(10,11) 
1.32µm  22.3°(measured)(17) 
23.0°(calculated)(10,11) 
1.338µm  23.8°(measured)(17) 
22.7°(calculated)(10,11) 
Electro-Optic Coeffiecients 
at 64-76Mhz (pm/V)(4.13) 		 
 
r13  4.1±0.6 
r33  6.4±1.0 
r41  1.4±0.2 
r51  3.3±0.7 
Coefficients, m2/C (13) 
13  0.09 
33  0.14 
Half Wave Voltage(14) @ 0.63µm 
(for r33-r13 transverse mode) 		 52kV 
Mechanical Properties  
 
Hardness, Mohs  3.5 to 4 
Elastic Properties, 20°C 
c's in GPa, s's in (Tpa)-1, Tc's in10-4/°K 
ij=11  cE11= 81.24, cD11= 89.00, TcE11= -6.2 at 273K(5) 
sE11= 14.7, sD11= 14.4 
ij=12  cE12= 31.84, cD12= 39.60, TcE12= -5.0 at 273K(5) 
sE12= -5.6, sD12= -5.8 
ij=13  cE13= 9.25, cD13= 20.83, TcE13= -16.0 at 273K(5) 
sE13= -1.6, sD13= -2.6 
ij=33  cE33= 52.9, cD33= 70.15, TcD33= -7.5 at 273K(5) 
sE33= 19.5, sD33= 15.6 
ij=44  cE44= 17.83, cD44= 28.86, TcE44= 8.4 at 273K(5) 
sE44= 56.1, sD44= 34.6 
ij=66  cE66= 24.70, cD66= 24.70, TcE66= 7.1 at 273K(5) 
sE66= 40.6, sD66= 40.4 
Magnetic Verdet Constant 
in deg m-1 T-1 		 757 at 0.6328µm (36) 
Thermal Properties  
 
Melting point (°C)  420 (2) 
Thermal Expansion Coeff. @25°C 
(10-6/°C)(12)  
 
a  28 
c  48 
Phase transitions, °C  200(12) or 247(3), and 285(3) or 256(4) on heating. 
Lower transition is to orthorhombic and is reversible with 46°hysteresis. 
Upper transition is to tetragonal (4/m)(29) and is destructive 
Specific Heat (J/g/°C)  0.55 (Kopp's law)
Thermal Conductivity (W/m/°C)  
 
perpendicular to c  No Data
parallel to c  No Data
Electrical Properties  
 
Resistivity (ohm-cm), 25°C (24)  ~1010 along c,   = ~ -5%/°C 
~1010 along a,   = ~ -7%/°C 
Relative dielectric constant  
 
11S/o  7.9 @-20°C and 2x107Hz, Temp Coeff=3.4x10-4/°C (5) 
~13 @ 1000Hz(24) 
33S/o  5.9 @-20kt=0.498 
 and 2x107Hz, Temp Coeff=29x10-4/°C (5,30) 
~500 @ 1000Hz(24) (d) 
Piezoelectric properites 
Coupling constants 
Temp coeffs in.10-4/°C 		 kt=0.498 
k15=0.615, Temp coeff.=0.63 (30) 
k14=0.07 at -20°C (5) 
k31=0.14, Temp coeff.=1.53 
k33=0.49(30), Temp coeff.=0.45 
dij, pC/m (27)  d31=3.7 
d33=+46 (25,26) 
d14=7.3 
d15=49.3 
eij, C/m2  
Temp coeffs in.10-4/°C 		 e31=0.65(e), Temp coeff.= -0.45 
e33=0.97, Temp coeff= -2.0 
e14=0.10 
e15=0.89, Temp coeff= -2.3(30) 
Frequency constants, in Hzm  2066 for Z-cut 
1260 for Y-cut 
Mechanical impedence, 
(106 kg/sec m2) 		 18.5 for Z-cut 
11.3 for Y-cut 
Observed Pyroelectric effect  p3=+10.0(37) 
Footnotes

a) Type II phase matching ,absent in the absence of dispersion, is very weak. Variation of phase matching angle at 1.0845µm is <0.3° from 20°C to 256°C (4). Third harmonic phase matching angle for Type I is 57°46' for 1.06µm(35)

b) Violates Kleinman symmetry because of significant dispersion. See Ref. 16

c) Wavelength dependence may be found in Ref. 32.

d) LiIO3 has significant ionic conductivity along c (5). This means that dielectric measurements along c are meaningless at frequencies below ~1MHz

e) Ref. 30 gives e31 as 0.31 C/m2

References 
 1) A. Rosenweig and B. Morosin, Acta Cryst. 20, 758-61
(1966)

 2) A.W. Warner, D.A. Pinnow, J.G. Bergman and G.R. Crane,
J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 47, 791-4 (1970)

 3) S. Matsumura, Mat. Res. Bull. 6, 469-77 (1971)

 4) F.R. Nash, J.G. Bergman, G.D. Boyd and E.H. Turner, J.
Appl. Phys. 40, 5201-6 (1969)

 5) S. Haussuhl, Acustica 23, 165-9 (1970)

 6) G. Nath, H. Mehmanesch and M. Gsanger, Appl. Phys. Lett.
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 8) S. Umegaki, S.-I. Tanaka, T. Uchiyama and S. Yabumoto,
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11) K. Takizawa, M. Okada and S. Ieiri, Opt. Commun. 23, 279-81
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13) S.H. Wemple and M. DiDomenico Jr., in Applied Solid State
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14) John Smith III and D. Beasley, personal communication, April
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15) M.M. Choy and R.L. Beyer, Phys. Rev. B14, 1693-1705 (1976)

16) M. Okada and S. Ieiri, Phys. Lett. 34A, 63 (1971)

17) G. Yarborough, Sylvania, personal communication before 1971

18) E.P. Ippen, Bell Labs, personal communication, Feb 18, 1975

19) A.G. Kalintsev, V.D. Volosov and R.B. Andreev, Opt.
Spectrosc. 34, 96 (1973)

20) R.L. Herbst, personal communication Dec. 7, 1974

21) L.S. Goldberg, Appl. Phys. Lett. 17, 489-91 (1970)

22) G. Massey, Sylvania, personal communication before 1971

23) L.S. Goldberg, Appl. Opt. 14, 653-6 (1975)

24) H.H.A. Krueger, Gould, Inc. personal communication before
1971

25) R. Liminga and S.C. Abrahams, J. Appl. Cryst. 9, 42-7 (1976)

26) E. H. Turner, J. Appl. Cryst. 9, 52 (1976)

27) S. Haussuhl, Phys. Status Solidi 29, K 159-62 (1968)

28) Landolt-Bornstein, New Series Group III, Vol. 11, (K.-H.
Hellwege, Ed.) Springer Verlag, Berlin (1979) 93, 562, 681

29) J.M. Desvignes and M. Remoissenet, Mater. Res. Bull. 6, 705-9
(1971)

30) R. Lec and W. Soluch, IEEE Ultrason. Symp. Proc. 1977, 389-92

31) G. Nath and S. Haussuhl, App. Phys. Lett. 14, 154-6 (1969)

32) K.I. Avdienko, S.V. Bogdanov, et. al., Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR,
Phys. Ser. 41 (4), 40-5 (1977)

33) O.G. Vlokh, L.A. Laz'ko and Z.S. Zheludev, Soviet Cryst. 20,
401-2 (1975)

34) M.P. Kuzyk, Ukr. Fiz. Zh. (Russ. Ed.) 22, 1044-5 (1977)

35) M. Okada, Appl. Phys. Lett. 18. 451-2 (1971)

36) M. Koralewski, Phys Status Solidi a61, K151-4 (1980)

37) Landolt-Bornstein, New Series Group III, Vol. 18, (K.-H. and
A.M. Hellwege, Eds.) Springer Verlag, Berlin (1984) 328-9,
438